Carmen Benítez Guerrero, Universität Sevilla
Abstract: In this post ´Carmen Benítez Guerrero explores how historical events in late medieval Castile were recorded and remembered, focusing on short historiographical texts, especially annals. She emphasizes the evolution of medieval historiography in the Iberian Peninsula, shifting from viewing texts as mere factual repositories to understanding them as cultural objects with specific functions, for example the shaping of memory be different political actors.
In 1319, the princes Don Juan and Don Pedro of Castile, then regents of King Alfonso XI, died in the meadows of Granada. This event profoundly impacted their contemporaries’ memory and was recorded in various places for posterity. Not only in the chronicles of the reign and other brief historical accounts, but also in epigraphy, notably on the outer wall of San Andrés de Arroyo church in the province of Palencia. It even became a significant marker to close a historical work composed during the youth of Alfonso XI, the so-called Anales del infante.
This introduction, based on the memory of a specific political event and its written reflection, serves to draw attention to an ongoing line of research, which in turn connects to a broader study. The line of research focuses on the tracing, editing, and analysis of late medieval short historiography. The broader study examines the ways in which the past was recorded and utilized by various members of Castilian society during the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, with particular attention to their relationship with power, and also observing their subsequent history trajectory. This later history often provides access to texts known only through their transmission over time, via new copies and communication contexts.
In recent decades, the approach to medieval historiography in the Iberian Peninsula has changed considerably. Influenced by various analytical approaches, there has been an increasing preference for viewing texts not as mere repositories of factual information, but as cultural objects with specific functionalities and, more recently, as communicative messages. Texts produced within the direct sphere of royal power were among the first to spark this shift in perspective, but over time, the scope of historiographical forms deemed worthy of scholarly attention has expanded. Furthermore, the range of historiographical genres considered relevant has also broadened, as increased focus on non-formal and non-factual aspects has brought previously overlooked formats into the spotlight.
Short historiography, defined as historiographical forms characterised by their synthetic nature, including annals are as a prime example, is one of those areas that has gained interest in the framework I have been talking about. Thus, there has been a shift from considering these texts as archaic forms of little interest to treating them as works with meaning within their specific context, such as justifying dynastic choices or territorial configurations. This interest has led researchers to trace these short forms across the Iberian Peninsula, rediscovering unpublished texts that expand a panorama that was practically deserted beyond the 13th century, with some exceptions. I will highlight only a set of texts from the first half of the 14th century, which indicate a north-south shift of annalist historiography as the Christian-Muslim political frontier advanced. These works are located on the Andalusian border, spanning the kingdoms of Cordoba and Seville and their areas of influence, and include the Anales cordubenses, the aforementioned Anales del infante, or the Libro de las eras. These texts are also important as a link to understand the evolution between the 13th century annals and those already known from the first half of the 15th century, with which they appear genetically related.
Together with other examples known for the Castilian area, or also the Anales de Pedro Ruiz, which were published in 2022, this set of texts demonstrates the enduring relevance of annals throughout the 14th century and their use by different authorities to establish a certain memory of the past. Beyond this interest in anchoring the past, there are other less well-known historiographical examples typically associated with local settings an urban elites. One of the current lines of research in this area is the study of historical accounts linked to the list of judges appended to the Fuero de Baeza, which highlights the close relationship between numerous historiographical works (and their material forms) and the legal sphere. Another line of research involves a collection of anecdotal information related to the Jerez elites, which left traces in various later compositions. These include an universal chronicle written in the Galician diocese of Mondoñedo in the early 15th century, the Crónica de 1404, also several histories of Jerez written in the modern era, as well as an historical memorial included in the minutes of the Jerez town council from the late 15th century.
What is interesting is not only the individual study of each of these historical manifestations, but their global analysis, both for the frequent interrelations that are inferred between every text, and to deepen our understanding of the relationship that medieval society had with the use of the past and its written record. These lines of research, which, as I mentioned, converge on the interest in the uses and writing about the past by different sociopolitical groups, from the monarchy to other minor elites, in late medieval Castile, are being developed in collaboration with other colleagues through different ongoing research projects, namely “Minores. Construir la memoria de las élites periféricas en la Corona de Castilla y el Reino de Navarra” (10th-16th centuries), directed by researchers Eloísa Ramírez (UPNA) and María Teresa López de Guereño (UAM) and “Enfrentarse al rey: rebeliones, estado y cultura de la política en Castilla desde una perspectiva comparada” (13th-15th centuries), directed by Fernando Arias (UVa). Some of these lines of research build upon previous projects, such as “Aranhis. Archivum Annalisticum Hispanum“, directed by Covadonga Valdaliso (Universidade de Lisboa). It is also worth mentioning the emerging group “e-Storias. Laboratorio de Historiografía Medieval y Humanidades Digitales”, coordinated from the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia by my colleague Ricardo Pichel and myself from the University of Seville, now an integral part of the recently approved Network of Excellence CHARTA 4.0.
Photo: Page of one of the manuscripts mentioned above, in: Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, MSS11011, f. 148r.

